1 Peter 3:20

Authorized King James Version

Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἀπειθήσασίν
were disobedient
to disbelieve (wilfully and perversely)
#2
ποτε
Which sometime
indefinite adverb, at some time, ever
#3
ὅτε
when
at which (thing) too, i.e., when
#4
ἅπαξ
once
one (or a single) time (numerically or conclusively)
#5
ἐξεδέχετο
waited
to accept from some source, i.e., (by implication) to await
#6
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#9
μακροθυμία
the longsuffering
longanimity, i.e., (objectively) forbearance or (subjectively) fortitude
#10
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#11
ἡμέραις
the days
day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of
#12
Νῶε
of Noah
no, (i.e., noch), a patriarch
#13
κατασκευαζομένης
was a preparing
to prepare thoroughly (properly, by external equipment; whereas g2090 refers rather to internal fitness); by implication, to construct, create
#14
κιβωτοῦ
while the ark
a box, i.e., the sacred ark and that of noah
#15
εἰς
wherein
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#16
ἣν
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#17
ὀλίγαι,
few
puny (in extent, degree, number, duration or value); especially neuter (adverbially) somewhat
#18
τοῦτ'
that thing
#19
ἔστιν
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#20
ὀκτὼ
eight
"eight"
#21
ψυχαί
souls
breath, i.e., (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely (the animal sentient principle only; thus distinguished on the one hand from g4151, wh
#22
διεσώθησαν
were saved
to save thoroughly, i.e., (by implication or analogy) to cure, preserve, rescue, etc
#23
δι'
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#24
ὕδατος
water
water (as if rainy) literally or figuratively

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Peter. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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